TABLE 1. Scale scores for 11 traits of 147 political parties in 53 countries, analyzed by regions Countries and parties: Restricting Competition Open Competition Institutionalization Diversity of support Liberalism Centralization of Power Marxism Degree of Oranization Involvement Coherence Governmental Status South American Cultural Region

Ecuadorian Velasquis 0 4 -0.53 1.57 -0.36 1.01 -0.24 -1.52 0.70 0.00 0.07 Ecuadorian Conservat 0 3.5 1.16 1.48 -0.35 -1.00 -1.57 -0.42 0.28 0.26 0.14 Ecuadorian Rad.Liber. 0 4 1.17 1.76 0.74 -0.78 -0.12 -0.47 0.82 -0.64 -0.48 Ecuadorian Socialist 0.5 3.5 0.43 1.06 0.33 -1.08 1.49 0.97 0.67 -1.19 -0.79 Ecuadorian CFP 1 2 -0.43 0.79 0.96 0.66 -1.16 -1.19 0.03 -0.67 Paraguayan Colorados 4 0 1.10 1.42 -1.28 0.99 -0.26 0.08 0.74 -0.47 1.93 Paraguayan Febrerist 0 1 -1.11 0.00 0.43 0.12 0.92 0.60 0.93 -1.89 -1.27 Paraguayan Liberal 0 1 0.16 1.64 0.33 0.32 -0.23 -0.18 0.71 -0.58 -1.27 Peruvian UNO 0 4 -0.67 1.66 -1.07 0.35 -0.88 -0.85 1.24 0.65 -0.53 Peruvian Christ. Dem. 0 4 -0.69 1.44 0.64 -0.64 -0.26 -1.52 0.67 -0.29 -0.75 Peruvian APRA 0 4 -0.51 1.71 0.06 0.69 0.44 0.21 1.22 0.07 -0.38 Peruvian Popu. Action 0 3 -0.75 1.70 -0.06 0.03 0.10 -0.59 0.44 -1.42 -0.30 Peruvian MDP 0 4 -1.28 1.56 0.63 -0.01 -1.60 -1.50 1.24 0.07 0.62 Uruguayan Colorados 0 4 1.33 1.77 1.05 -1.63 0.62 0.94 0.15 -1.08 0.50 Uruguayan Blancos 0 4 1.26 1.74 1.05 -1.63 0.59 0.94 0.48 -1.08 0.79 Venezuelan URD 0 4 -0.88 1.54 0.65 -1.05 0.46 -0.45 0.07 -1.41 -0.36 Venezuelan COPEI 0 4 -0.80 1.51 0.42 0.28 -0.16 0.17 0.18 0.74 0.22 Venezuelan AD 0 4 -0.35 1.76 -0.16 -0.01 0.43 1.05 0.57 -0.90 0.57

Mean 0.3 3.2 -0.08 1.45 0.18 -0.17 0.02 -0.31 -0.2 0.51 -0.13 SD 1 1.3 0.91 0.44 0.67 0.87 0.8 0.85 0.77 0.75 0.80 No.of parties 18 18 18 18 17 18 18 18 18 18 18