TABLE 1. Scale scores for 11 traits of 147 political parties in 53 countries, analyzed by regions Countries and parties: Restricting Competition Open Competition Institutionalization Diversity of support Liberalism Centralization of Power Marxism Degree of Oranization Involvement Coherence Governmental Status Northern European Cultural Region

Danish Social Dem. 0 4 1.30 1.37 0.74 0.09 -0.14 0.84 0.40 0.91 0.78 Danish Venstre 0 4 0.97 0.82 0.74 0.20 -0.85 0.35 0.40 0.15 -0.48 Danish Conservative 0 4 1.00 1.05 0.58 0.20 -1.05 0.64 0.40 0.88 -0.59 Danish Rad. Venstre 0 4 0.83 1.13 1.24 0.29 -0.25 0.25 0.40 0.42 -0.30 Iceland Independence 0 4 0.68 1.42 1.09 0.39 -0.30 -0.17 -0.77 0.84 0.46 Iceland Progressive 0 4 0.40 1.27 1.09 0.10 0.03 0.18 -0.68 0.70 -0.08 Iceland Peoples Union 0 4 0.29 1.28 1.09 0.52 0.63 0.59 0.97 0.14 -0.46 Iceland Social Dem. 0 4 0.88 1.35 1.09 0.33 0.16 -0.42 -0.11 -0.99 -0.02 Swedish Social Dem. 0 4 0.71 1.47 0.20 -0.69 0.48 0.92 -0.17 0.23 0.91 Swedish Center 0 4 0.56 0.96 0.23 -1.21 -0.49 0.49 0.10 0.55 -0.58 Swedish Liberal 0 4 0.50 1.52 -0.02 -1.22 -0.52 -0.26 0.04 0.44 -0.58 Swedish Conservative 0 4 0.75 1.08 -0.18 -0.99 -1.10 -0.24 0.20 0.19 -0.57 Dutch Cath.Peoples 0 4 0.71 1.12 0.28 -0.46 -1.15 0.58 0.07 -0.41 0.56 Dutch Labor 0 4 1.17 1.27 0.91 -0.39 -0.01 0.95 0.24 -0.36 -0.03 Dutch Liberal 0 4 0.36 0.93 0.45 -0.77 -0.82 0.32 -0.05 -0.25 -0.37 Dutch ARF 0 4 1.23 1.15 -0.24 -0.21 -1.44 0.79 0.09 0.16 -0.27 Dutch CHU 0 4 0.91 1.18 -0.24 -0.67 -1.48 0.01 -0.10 -0.93 -0.29 Dutch Communist 0 4 0.45 0.55 0.98 0.74 1.16 0.57 0.78 0.17 0.91 Lux Christian Social 0 4 0.96 1.18 0.30 -0.34 -0.73 -0.29 0.10 0.45 0.79 Lux Socialist Labor 0 4 1.14 1.24 1.05 -0.45 0.10 -0.41 0.40 0.14 -0.15 Lux Democratic 0 4 0.70 1.23 0.63 -0.12 -1.09 0.22 0.34 0.35 -0.24 Lux Communist 0 4 0.32 0.07 0.63 0.45 1.59 0.44 1.69 0.83 -0.78

Mean 0 4 0.76 1.12 0.57 -0.19 -0.33 0.29 0.18 0.19 -0.15 SD 0 0 0.30 0.32 0.48 0.57 0.81 0.44 0.53 0.54 0.53 No.ofparties 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22